[ubuntu-it-fcm] [ubuntu-it-fcm]Marco Letizia

[Flavia Weisghizzi]

TESTO 1


Testo179: Written by Stephen Bant

Testo181: My iBook G4 wasn't being used much, so I decided to install 
Ubuntu Feisty on it. Here's how it was done, and I give you the warts 
and all procedure as it happened in the hands of an average tinkerer.

Testo188: UBUNTU ON AN iBOOK

Testo262: First things first. Back up all critical files and extra 
applications on the iBook to another disk of some kind. Your existing OS 
X will be overwritten. Then download the “Mac (PowerPC) and IBM-PPC 
(POWER5) desktop CD” from here: http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ports/ 
releases/feisty/release/ You’ll find it at the top of the page. Burn the 
ISO to disk. Boot up the iBook using your Mac OS X setup CD 1. Once up 
and running, launch the Disk Utility program. This is going to be used 
to partition the disk so that you can put OS X on one partition and 
Ubuntu on the other. Remember, the present OS X is going to be 
overwritten—there is no turning back once the disk is partitioned, so 
double check that you have everything you want. Partition sizes will 
depend on you. I just split everything down the middle. Some people use 
around 10GB for OS X, but that doesn't leave any space to play around 
with, and you would have to omit or delete things like the Garage Band 
program. Just make each partition Mac OS X Extended HFS or HFS+. Don't 
use HFS+ Journaled, as you won't be able to write to the OS X partition 
from Linux. But even if you do, you can disable journaling later, as I 
had to do, anyway (see below). When it came to naming each partition, I 
named the first one "Ubuntu" and the second one "OSX". That was supposed 
to prevent confusion about where things were going. Then I went straight 
ahead and installed OS X on the OSX partition. Some people advise to 
install Mac OS X on the partition at the end of the disk. Well, I 
thought I was doing that by installing to the partition I had named OSX, 
but I may have misread the Disk Utilities setup, or it may have made up 
its own mind where it was going, because it ended up at the front of the 
disk. Not to worry, as it just doesn’t seem to matter, in my experience. 
Now the fun starts. Eject the Mac OS install disk and insert the Ubuntu 
Feisty install disk you burned earlier. Boot from this disk by holding 
Option + c during start-up. Type "expert" at the boot-loader prompt. 
This will give you more control during the installation process. Also, 
make sure you have a network connection so that networking is 
automatically configured and the system can get any necessary downloads. 
Go through the installation process as usual. Everything is straight 
forward, until you come to the partitioning section. I mean, if you 
don’t accept the default, letting the installer auto partition for you, 
you have to put some thought into it to set up your own partitions. 
First, delete the Ubuntu partition you created earlier, then go back and 
choose to use maximum free space. Now, if you don’t care to have 
customized partitioning, just accept the defaults and skip the next 
three paragraphs. I have a confession to make at this point. I used what 
was the latest build of Ubuntu Gutsy PPC Server as part of my 
experiment—blame my tinkering gene. The Gusty install calculated the 
partitioning nicely for me, which desktop versions don’t, as far as I 
know. I let it write the partitions. But then I reflected, if should 
things not work out, I don’t what to be dealing with a command line. So, 
I stopped the install process and began again with a Feisty desktop CD, 
and when it came to the partitioning section, I simply reused what the 
Gusty disk had set up. I had to rename them, though. It was lucky I did 
install Feisty because I learned later after an upgrade that Gutsy is 
buggy and as slow as hell on an iBook. Abandon all hope ye who enter 
that zone of hell! I reinstalled Feisty after that little adventure. 
Once past partitioning, Ubuntu will continue installing everything 
smoothly and will eventually install the Yaboot boot manager for 
choosing your preferred system to boot-up time, OSX or Ubuntu. That 
should be it. It’s time to restart. You can check that you have ended up 
with a disk structure something like is shown below. Lovely. Boot into 
OS X, fire up a terminal window and type in "fdisk -l" to get the list. 
That was easy for me to do because it just booted into OS X all of the 
time. Yaboot's little menu screen should have appeared, where you can 
hit "l" to boot into Linux or "m" to boot into Mac OS X, or you can 
leave it for Ubuntu to start loading by default, but that isn’t what was 
happening for me. For some reason, Yaboot just wouldn’t kick in. That 
was no problem. If Yaboot is a no-show, open up the Mac's open firmware 
console. You do this by booting up while holding the Mod + Option + o + 
f keys. This will put you in "Open Firmware" mode. Once you have the 
console type this: boot hd:2,yaboot At least, that's what I needed to 
enter. (The hd:2 here just means hda2, where Yaboot is loaded. You can 
see that hda2 is called Apple_Bootstrap untitled in the fdisk list 
above). After I did that it booted up into the Yaboot menu and after a 
few seconds, by default, Ubuntu started loading. Everything worked fine. 
Good, now's the time to fix it so that Yaboot gives you a dual boot 
option, and you can tweak it a bit while you’re at it. So open up a 
terminal and run these commands. sudo yabootconfig sudo gedit 
/etc/yaboot.conf That yaboot.conf is of course Yaboot's configuration 
file. Add the following lines to it: macosx=/dev/hdXX defaultos=macosx # 
add this only if you like MAC OS X to be the default Save the file. Most 
instructions say that you now type the following ybin This loads the 
config settings for you. However, this wasn't enough for me. It worked 
until I booted into OS X again. After that Yaboot abandoned me, and I 
had to go into firmware mode again to get it back in the same way I 
specified earlier. This is the command that makes the Yaboot config 
settings stick for me. ybin -b /dev/hda2 Yaboot hasn't failed me once 
since I did that. Below is an example of what else can go in yaboot.conf 
The box below shows what is presently in my yaboot.conf. Those last two 
instructions add two more options to your Yaboot menu at startup, 
allowing you to also choose whether to boot from a CD or to bring up the 
firmware console. The next step is to enable file sharing between OS X 
and Ubuntu. You should be able to copy from OS X to Ubuntu already. But 
enabling file sharing in the other direction could be a problem. I was 
stuck on this for a while. However, I worked it out. To view the files 
in the shared partition, do this: sudo mkdir /media/OSX And then sudo 
mount -t hfsplus /dev/hda5 /media/OSX My iBook's /etc/fstab has the 
following entry so that it is automatically mounted:

    *

      /dev/hda3 /media/OSX hfsplus rw,exec,auto,users,gid=31 0 0

Or just go through Administration > Shared Folders and make it a shared 
folder. You probably still will not be able to copy files over to OS X 
from Ubuntu. So reboot into Mac OS X, then go to Utilities and fire up 
the Disk Utility program. Select and highlight the OS X disk icon. Go to 
menu and under File you will see the Disable Journaling option. Click 
that to disable journaling. Reboot back into Ubuntu. You should now be 
able to copy files over to OS X. You can also disable journaling in OS X 
from the command line in Ubuntu with this: sudo diskutil disableJournal 
/Volumes/<OS X Volume Name> I've seen discussions on changing your Linux 
user uid and gid to match that of OS X to try and access the Mac 
partition. This also means changing all permissions system wide in order 
to match your new uid and gid. Seems like a big hassle to me. I haven't 
checked support for Airport, but for now, everything I need is working 
on my iBook, plus things I don't need like fancy desktop effects. I like 
my iBook even more now. It’s got its cool back.


TESTO 2

CREATE YOUR OWN SERVER

Testo70: This guide will begin at the very start, installation, and take 
you through all the steps to eventually having your own fully working 
Ubuntu server which could be used in your home or for a business of any 
size.

Testo109: Written by Daniel Lamb

Testo243: We will start by downloading Ubuntu 7.10 from 
http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/download and select Ubuntu 7.10 Server 
Edition for 'Standard personal computer' and chose the most appropriate 
mirror for you from the drop down menu. I am choosing Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy 
Gibbon) for various reasons but the main reason is support of most 
modern hardware and it will also support the newest Raid systems and 
Gigabit network cards which currently 6.06 LTS (Long Term Support) does 
not, however with version 8.04 LTS this should be re-assessed. After 
downloading Ubuntu 7.10 Server you need to write the image to CD using 
your favorite CD burning program, if you are on windows you can look at 
using Infrarecorder which can be downloaded from 
http://infrarecorder.sourceforge.net/. Once you have written the image 
to CD place your Ubuntu Server CD into your drive and boot from it, 
ensure that your system is set to boot from CD. You will then see this 
screen (above right). Choose 'Install to the hard disk'. The 
installation will now start. First you will have to choose your 
language, then select your location. Next choose a keyboard layout, you 
will need to press a few keys so the installer can detect your keyboard 
layout based on the keys you pressed, or you can manually chose what 
keyboard you have. The installer checks the installation CD, your 
hardware, and configures the network with DHCP if it is connected to the 
network, or you can configure this manually. Now enter the 'hostname'. 
My system is called 'server.domain.local', so I enter 'server'. Now you 
will need to partition your disk, let the setup create the partitions 
(swap and root) automatically unless you are confident on doing this 
manually. When you are ready, hit 'Yes' to 'Write the changes to disks?' 
Now your partitions will be created and formatted. Setup the system 
clock. Normally UTC is a safe choice. Next create a new user, I use the 
name 'Administrator' with the user name 'administrator'. Don't use the 
user name 'admin' as that is a system name in Ubuntu. The base system 
will now be installed. Now we get the option of what extra software gets 
installed, we are going to choose DNS, mail, LAMP, OpenSSH, print and 
SAMBA servers. Select the different servers using the space key then 
continue. The GRUB boot loader will now be installed. The installation 
is now finished. Remove your CD from the drive and hit 'Continue' to 
reboot the system.

That is the first part of the Ubuntu server installed. Next issue, we 
will cover updates, installing the Xubuntu desktop and also the webmin 
install.